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      Unit 2 Book 1 Language Points

      發布時間:2016-6-26 編輯:互聯網 手機版

      重點詞語用法

      1.Once [w)ns]

      1)adv.

      (1)one time一次

      ①He has only been to Shanghai once. 他只到過一次上海。

      ②I remember that I went there once or twice before.

      我記得我以前到那兒去過一、二次。

      (2)at sometime in the past從前;曾經

      ①This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

      這是魯迅曾經居住過的房子。

      ②He was once a college student, now he is a doctor.

      他曾經是位大學生,現在是醫生。

      2)conj. as soon as一旦……就……

      ①Once you show any fear, he will attack you.

      只要你顯出害怕的樣子,他就會向你進攻。

      ②Once you put your heart into your study, you will make great progress.

      你一旦用心學習,你就會取得巨大進步。

      2.follow['f&l+u] vt. 跟隨;聽得清;接受(作為指導或榜樣)

      ①Follow me, please. 請跟我學。

      ②English will be followed by mathematics. 英語課后,將上數學課。

      ③The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow her.

      老師講得那么快,以至于我沒聽懂。

      ④ I didn't quite follow you, could you say it again?

      我沒有十分聽懂,你能再講一遍嗎?

      ⑤This is a good piece of advice for us to follow.

      這是一條我們應該接受的好建議。

      【注意】 following為形容詞,意為“接著的”。例如:

      ①In the following days he often came to see us.

      在隨后的日子里,他經常來看我們。

      ②He didn't get up until the following week.

      他一直到第二個星期才起床。

      3.從屬連詞unless的用法

      unless用作從屬連詞,引導一個條件狀語從句,相當于if…not,常譯為“如果……不……”“非……不可”“除非”

      unless是具有否定意義的連接詞,因此當使用unless引導從句時其謂語形式一般是用肯定形式。使用unless引導條件狀語從句時,要注意以下幾點:

      1)unless相當于 if…not,兩者常可交替使用。例如:

      ①Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(=If the rain doesn't stop, I shall not go out for a walk.)

      倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了。

      2)如 if…not引導非真實條件句時,一般不可改為 unless。例如:

      ①If he weren't so silly, he would understand.

      如果他不傻的話,他會明白(事實上他很傻)。

      3)如果unless引導的從句本身是否定形式,unless就不能由if…not所替代。例如:

      ①You'll do well in the English examination unless you don't do your homework. 這次英語考試你會考得好的,除非你平時不做作業。

      4.allow/permit/promise的用法及區別

      1)allow為一般用語,側重于“默許”,正式的許可需用permit,側重正面的“允許”,語氣比allow強。例如:

      Smoking is not allowed here. 此處不許抽煙。

      Smoking is not permitted here. 此處禁止抽煙。

      【注意】

      (1)permit和allow兩者可以互換,前者較為正式。如:

      ①Permit(Allow)me to congratulate you on your success.

      請允許我祝賀你的成功。

      (2)permit后若是動詞作賓語,這一動詞要用動詞-ing形式(動名詞),而不用不定式。如:

      ①The guard didn't permit entering the camp. 衛兵不允許進入營地。

      2)promise可用作動詞。意為“允諾”,“答應”,和permit, allow意思不一樣。

      試比較:

      ①His mother allowed him to join the army.

      他母親允許他參軍。(主語允許賓語“他”去參軍)

      ②His mother promised him to join the army.

      他母親向他允諾去參軍。(主語向賓語允諾“她”去參軍)

      【注意】promise也可用作名詞。如:make a promise許諾;keep(carry out)

      a promise遵守(履行)諾言;break a promise不守諾言。

      5.介詞with的兩種用法

      1)with表示“具有”,“帶有”。例如:

      ①China is a country with a long history. 中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。

      ②She is a girl with black eyes. 她是一位長著黑眼睛的女孩。

      2)with表示“用”。例如:

      ①Men work with their hands. 人用手勞動。

      ②Our teacher told us to make sentences with these phrases.

      我們老師叫我們用這些詞組造句。

      6.glass[gla:s]n.

      作為不可數名詞,意思是“玻璃”。作為可數名詞,意思是“玻璃杯”,“鏡子”。作“眼鏡”講時,用復數。如:

      ①These bottles are made of glass. 這些瓶子是用玻璃做的。

      ②There are four glasses on the table. 桌子上有四個玻璃杯。

      ③Sometimes our teacher of English wears(a pair of)glasses.

      有時我們英語老師戴(一副)眼鏡。

      7.as和like的用法

      as與like都作連詞,后接方式狀語從句,意思也一樣,都作“如像”,“同……一樣”解。例如:

      ①Nobody loves you like I do, baby. 孩子,誰也沒有像我這樣疼你。

      一般說,如果要說明人與人,物與物,動作與動作,狀態與狀態之間有相似之處,可用以用as,也可以用like。但as是連詞,后跟從句;而like是介詞,后跟名詞或代詞。例如:

      ②Jane is a fine dancer, as her sister is.

      簡是一名出色的舞蹈家,和她姐姐一樣。

      ③Jane isn't much like her sister. 簡不太像她姐姐。

      【注意】as也可作介詞,后跟名詞,構成介詞短語,其作用同like的介詞短語一樣,意思也相近,但又有區別,as有“作為”的意思,like作“如,像”解。例如:

      ①Let me speak to you as a teacher. 我是教師,并以此身份來跟你談話。

      ②Let me speak to you like your father.

      我并非是你的父親,但以父親的口吻同你談話。

      8.enough[i'n)f]的基本用法

      enough可以用作形容詞(adj.),副詞(adv.)和代詞(pron.)。

      1)enough用作副詞,充當形容詞或副詞修飾語,但必須后置。例如:

      ①He walks slowly enough. 他走得夠慢得了。

      ②This article is difficult enough to write. 這篇文章夠難寫得了。

      2)enough用作代詞,既可代表可數名詞,也可代表不可數名詞。例如:

      ②At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. 六個月底,他已經學得足以用俄語讀文章和報告了。

      3)enough用作形容詞作定語時,可修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞,可放在被修飾的名詞前或后。例如:

      ①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.

      有足夠的座位讓他們都坐下。

      ②I have enough time(time enough)to finish the work.

      我有足夠的時間來完成這項工作。

      9.show [M+u]

      作“解釋,示范”解(to explain or make clear to sb. by words or especially actions),后跟“how +不定式短語”結構,作直接賓語。例如:

      ①The teacher showed the students how to make the mixture.

      教師教學生如何配制這種混合物。

      ②The farmer showed us how to sow the seeds.

      那位農民教我們如何播種。

      【注意】show還可以表示“出示”(to offer for seeing),“顯露”(to appear),“帶領”(to go with and guide)。

      ①He showed his ticket. 他出示他的車票。

      ②His happiness is showed in his smile.

      他的喜悅心情顯露在他的微笑里。

      ③Mr Zhu is showing the students the chemistry lab.

      朱先生帶領學生參觀化學實驗室。

      10.lend和borrow的區別

      lend是“借出”,表示把東西借給某人,而borrow是借入,表示“從某人那里借東西”。lend后跟兩個賓語,或者用介詞短語 to sb.; borrow后跟

      一個賓語,或者用介詞 from sb.。例如:

      ①I lent Jack my new car. / I lent my new car to Jack. 我把新汽車借給杰克了。

      ②I borrowed a new car(from Jack).

      我從杰克那里借了一部新汽車。

      重要詞組短語

      1.first of all為常用短語,意為“首先”。例如:

      ①First of all, I know clearly what I study English for.

      首先,我清楚地知道我學英語的目的。

      ②First of all, we must pay more attention to our handwriting. 首先,我們必須更加注意我們的書法。

      2.“not…without…”是一種雙重否定,雙重否定的含義表示肯定概念。意為“只有……才”,“沒有……就不……”。例如:

      ①Don't begin without asking for advice.

      征求意見以后再著手。(未征詢意見前不要開始。)

      ②He can't speak English without making mistakes.

      他一說英語就出錯。

      ③Fish can't live without water. 魚兒離不開水。

      ④We couldn't get much progress in our studies without your help. 沒有你的幫助,我們就不會取得學習上這么大的進步。

      3.fill…with… 意為“用……裝滿(注滿,填滿)……”。例如:

      ①Please fill the bank with petrol. 請給油箱加滿油。

      ②They have filled a hole with sand and mud. 他們用泥沙把一個洞填滿了。

      full為形容詞,be full of… 裝滿……。例如:

      ③The glass is full of water. 玻璃杯裝滿了水。

      4.instead of意為“代替;而不是”,相當于in place of,其后可接動詞-ing形式,代詞,介詞短語等。例如:

      ①The old woman went to the park on Sunday instead of staying at home.

      這老太太星期天去公園,而不是呆在家里。

      ②He went there on foot instead of by bus.

      他步行去那里,而不是乘公共汽車去。

      ③You should be out instead of in on this fine day.

      在這樣好天氣里,你應該出去,而不應呆在屋子里。

      ④That has increased instead of decreased our courage.

      那使我們的勇氣大增而不是減退。

      【注意】instead 與 instead of不同。instead為副詞,一般放在句末,否定上文提到的事物,而instead of則為介詞,一般放在句首或句中,否定of后面的賓語。例如:

      ①Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I'm going to Weihai instead.

      去年夏天我去了青島,今年夏天我去威海。

      (其意思等于:Instead of going to Qingdao, I'm going to Weihai this summer.)

      ②If Mary is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. 如果瑪麗身體還

      不好,不能跟你去,就帶我去吧!

      ③You can take me with you instead of Mary.

      你可以不帶瑪麗而帶我去。

      5.make sure 意為“感到確信無疑,確信”(=feel sure, do what is necessary in order to feel sure),其后常跟一個that引導的賓語從句,that可以省略。例如:

      ①It is said that there will be a lecture on computer tonight, but we'd better make sure.據說今天晚上有個關于電腦的講座,可我們最好弄清楚。

      ②Make sure that the lights are turned off before you leave home.

      離家前要確保已經關燈。

      常用句型結構

       

      1.“make +名詞/代詞+形容詞”是很有用的句型,make的意思是“使”。

      例如:

      ①We'll do everything that we can to make him happy. 我們將盡力使他高興。

      ②I know nothing about it. I want to make it clear to you. 我要向你講明,我(一點兒也)不知道這件事。

      ③We must have plenty of exercises every day and make ourselves strong and healthy. 我們每天必須進行足夠的鍛煉,使身體強健。

      2.What about when we leave? What about…? ……怎么樣?……怎么回事”?例如:

      ①What about going out for a drink?

      出去喝一杯怎么樣?

      ②What about the time when we meet again?

      下次見面定在什么時間?

      這句也可以用How about…? 通常可以理解為:What do you think about…? 的簡略形式;一般用來征求對方的看法或詢問對方的意見。

      3.Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. not…unless…不……就不;只是……才能。例:

      ①I won't believe it unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 我要親眼看到才相信。

      ②Do not enter the lab unless you are allowed to. 只有經過允許才能進入實驗室。

      ③I can't do it myself unless you help me. 除非你幫助我,不然我無法自己做。

      【注意】unless在意思上比較接近if…not, 但語氣比 if… not重,一般只用在將來時態中。且從句中謂語動詞常用一般現在時代替一般將來時。在使用中要注意和until, before, after的區別。例如:You can not really understand it unless you read it carefully.=You can not really understand it if you do not read it carefully.

      再如:He did not leave the house until his father returned. 這一句中的until不能換為unless, 因為unless只能用在將來時中,意為“除非……”,引導條件狀語從句。

       

      Language Points for Unit 1

      Language Points for Unit 2

      Language Points for Unit 3

      Language Points for Unit 4

      Language Points for Unit 5

      Language Points for Unit 6

      Language Points for Unit 7

      Language Points for Unit 8

      Language Points for Unit 9

      Language Points for Unit 10

      Language Points for Unit 11

      Language Points for Unit 12

      Language Points for Unit 13

      Language Points for Unit 14

       

       

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