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      被動語態(tài)中的“省、補、變、加、留”

      發(fā)布時間:2017-11-19 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

      作者:沈建林

      被動語態(tài)中的"省、補、變、加、留"指學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的"省主語、補主語、變代詞、加上to、保留by"這些關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。

      "省主語",指主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時,如果主動句中的主語為泛指情況的we, they, people時,被動句中將by短語省略。如:

      We speak English. →English is spoken.

      "補主語",指將字面未出現(xiàn)行為者的被動句改為主動句時,應(yīng)適當?shù)匮a上主語,如we, they, people, someone等。如:

      A car is stolen. →Someone steals a car.

      "變代詞",指主動句中的賓語是賓格人稱代詞時,改為被動句要將其變?yōu)橹鞲袢朔Q代詞。如:

      We must send her to the hospital at once. →She must be sent to the hospital at once.

      "加上to",如果主動句中含不帶to的不定式(作賓語的補足語),變該句為被動句時,不定式前的"to"應(yīng)恢復(fù)使用。如:

      We saw him leave the classroom. →He was seen to leave the classroom.

      "保留by",指下列被動句中by短語不省略的情況:

      a. 當by短語不表示行為者,而表示使用的手段和方法時。如:

      Most of the work will be done by the computers.

      b. 強調(diào)by短語中的動作行為者時。如:

      Macao was forced by Portuguese more than four hundred years ago.

      特別提示:一般將來時的被動語態(tài):shall / will be +p. p.

      現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have / has been + p. p.

      現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài):am / is / are + being + p. p.

      過去將來時的被動語態(tài):should / would be + p. p.

      另外需特別注意的是英語中l(wèi)ook, smell, feel, taste, sound等系動詞和表示"起止"意義的動詞begin, start, finish, stop等,主動形式可表被動意義。

      考題回放:

      1. -Did you go to Jack's birthday party?

      -No, I______. (2004天津市)

      A. am not invited B. wasn't invited

      C. haven't invited D. didn't invite

      2. I like this silk dress, and it ______ so soft and comfortable. (2004江西省)

      A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt

      3. People use computers widely in the world. (改為同義句)

      Computers ______ widely ______ in the world. (2002遼寧省)

      4. 第四十七屆世乒賽上個月在巴黎舉行。中國乒乓球運動員贏得理所當然。

      The 47th World Table Tennis Championship ______ ______ in Paris last month. The Chinese ping-pong players ______ ______ ______. (2003濟南市)

      5. We heard them sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (改為被動語態(tài))

      They were heard______Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (2004重慶市)

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