現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件免費(fèi)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件免費(fèi)
教學(xué)過程
一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)
1.引入：I have read this book twice. Read 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中have/has的作用：通過do/dose/be等聯(lián)想法推導(dǎo)出have/has的語法能。
二、知識(shí)講解
本節(jié)課主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析，中高考考點(diǎn)、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞(done)
否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.
一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.
簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 用法
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義是：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)
My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)
（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示），常與for（+時(shí)間段）或since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子）連用.
①for+時(shí)段
②since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）
③since+時(shí)段+ago
④since+從句（過去時(shí)）
⑤It is+時(shí)段+since+從句（過去時(shí)） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去式的區(qū)別：
一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，那么這兩種時(shí)態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢？ ①一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語如yesterday, last year, just now等連用；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。
②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與自已的特征詞already ，yet ，just ，ever ，never，before等連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。
例： He saw the film last night. (過去時(shí)，表示他昨晚看過那部電影了，現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示他已看過那部電影，現(xiàn)在不想再看了）
③現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的。如：live， work，study等。而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞是否延續(xù)無任何要求。
時(shí)間狀語的區(qū)別：
除了我們講過的already, yet, still，just, ever, never, since短語和 for短語外，還有許多時(shí)間狀語常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，我們要留心將它們和一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語區(qū)分開來：
1. lately, recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語；just now 有a moment ago 之意，是過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。如：
Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?
2. in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”，常用于完成時(shí)中；in the past意思是“在過去”，常用于過去時(shí)中。 如：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
Where did you work in the past?
3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，但前者常用于完成時(shí)，而后兩者常用于過去時(shí)。如：
She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.
4. before 通常用于完成時(shí)；...ago通常用于過去時(shí)。如：
I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.
5. so far“到目前為止”， these days“這些天來”也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的時(shí)間狀語。如： So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.
What have you done these days?
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性用法
持續(xù)性用法（肯定句，疑問句中謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與“for ＋一段時(shí)間或“since＋過去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句（從句用一般過去時(shí)）以及so far（到目前為止）等時(shí)間狀語連用。
for + 段時(shí)間 ／ since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間
例：
1）I've lived here since 1990．自從1990年以來我就住在這里。
= I've lived here since 21 years ago.
= I've lived here for 21 years.
= It is 21 years since I began to live here.
注意：①在這類句子的肯定句和疑問句中謂語動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞由于動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)，故不能與for(達(dá)到；累計(jì))或since（自從。。。到現(xiàn)在）引出的時(shí)間狀語連用。 ②對(duì)for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問要用How long
1） 他入團(tuán)兩年了。
誤：He has joined the League for two years．
正：He has been a League member for two years．
區(qū)別：have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。
2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用。 如：
I've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。
3. have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。如：
I've been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。
4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 總之，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如： ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。
三、例題精析
【試題】3~5道
【例題1】
【【題干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的'動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。正確答案是B。
【例題2】
【題干】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故應(yīng)選B。
【例題3】
【題干】—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故正確答案為B。
四、課堂運(yùn)用
【基礎(chǔ)】 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. Still
3. Have you met Mr Li ______?
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
答案及解析：
1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ。
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。
3、C
【鞏固】
1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
答案及解析：
1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/"last + 一段時(shí)間"等時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故2應(yīng)選D。
2、C
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與"for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)"連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故3應(yīng)選C。
【拔高】 1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
3. -These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
答案及解析：
1、C
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故2應(yīng)選B。
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語（如yesterday , last week ,
a moment ago等）連用。故3的正確答案為B。）
課程小結(jié)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)里表示一段時(shí)間的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞以及連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)對(duì)比和總結(jié)
課后作業(yè)
【基礎(chǔ)】
1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
3. -Do you know him well ?
Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
答案及解析：
1、B
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為：D。
3.B
【鞏固】
1. -How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. Began
3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was
答案及解析：
1、A 2、C 3、A。
【拔高】
1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?
A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they
答案及解析：
1、"have/has gone to + 地點(diǎn)"表示"某人去了某地（還未回來）"，指主語所指的人不在這兒。"have/has been in + 地點(diǎn)"表示"在某地呆了多長時(shí)間"，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語連用。"have/has been to +地點(diǎn)"表示"曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）。"故16的正確答案為A。
2、A
3、D
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